Abstract
To increase rice yield, scientists are considering the possibility of changing the morphological parameters of plants. At the same time, there are not enough attempts in Russia to analyze the yield potential of varieties with different panicle architectonics. The purpose of our research was a comparative analysis of rice varieties differing in panicle morphotype, by the formation of productivity elements. In the ecological conditions of the south of Russia, in 2019-2020, a series of field experiments were carried out with 24 Oryza sativa L. varieties under conditions of artificial irrigation. The results of assessing the elements of plant productivity and biological productivity of varieties differentiated into 6 groups according to the panicle type and grown on plots 1x12 m are presented. The present study showed that in the rice-growing zone of Krasnodar region, varieties with a compact inclined and slightly spreading panicle had an advantage in achieving high productivity. However, the stability of quantitative traits was exhibited by varieties with spreading panicles of the drooping type. Correlation analysis confirmed: the longer the panicle, the more spreading it is and the less sterile spikelets are formed on it. Along with other researchers, we revealed significant differences in yield between japonica and Indica varieties. Due to the cultivation of varieties under equal conditions, the variation in biological yield from 778 to 1203 g / m2 can be explained by their genotypic characteristics. For the sustainable development of rice growing in the region, our studies emphasize the importance of the diversity of varieties of various morphotypes with high potential and stability of productivity elements and provide useful information for breeding.
Highlights
Achievements in global crop production of food crops have fallen short of expected demographic demand
We found that genotypes with a spreading type of panicle are the most stable in the formation of plant productivity according to the growing seasons, the absolute value of their productivity is inferior to varieties with a compact dense panicle
The heaviest panicles and the value of the biological yield per square meter were formed by varieties with panicles of inclined and weakly-spreading drooping type
Summary
Achievements in global crop production of food crops have fallen short of expected demographic demand. The breeding of high-yielding, disease-resistant rice varieties with good consumer properties is still relevant today. The climate change scenario over the 30 years presents a challenge for crop production. Rice yield is regulated by both external and genetic factors: growth rate, physiological adaptability, plant architectonics, panicle and grain morphology. Scientists in Asian countries have developed a number of varieties with tall erectoid leaves and drooping panicles, the plants of which are more productive in terms of photosynthesis and are resistant to lodging. During the Green Revolution, varieties with a new plant type "super-rice" of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) with an increased yield index, obtained with the involvement of semi-dwarf gene donors and an increased number of spikelets per panicle, became available. Not in all environmental and climatic conditions, they could realize their potential [2]
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