Abstract
The bacteria Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare cause enteric septicemia and columnaris disease, respectively, in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Natural therapeutants may provide an alternative to current management approaches used by producers. In this study, a rapid bioassay identified plant compounds as potential therapeutants. Chelerythrine chloride and ellagic acid were the most toxic toward E. ictaluri, with 24-h IC50 of 7.3 mg/L and 15.1 mg/L, respectively, and MIC of 2.1 mg/L and 6.5 mg/L, respectively. Chelerythrine chloride, ellagic acid, β-glycyrrhetinic acid, sorgoleone, and wogonin were the most toxic towards two genomovars of F. columnare, and wogonin had the strongest antibacterial activity (MIC = 0.3 mg/L).
Highlights
Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) is the leading cause of mortality in pond-raised channel catfish in the United States and is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri [1]
Chelerythrine chloride (Figure 1a) and ellagic acid (Figure 1b) had moderate to strong toxicity against E. ictaluri based upon 24-h IC50 and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) results (Table 1)
Previous studies have cited the antibacterial activity of this alkaloid against methicillin-resistant S. aureus [14,15]
Summary
Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) is the leading cause of mortality in pond-raised channel catfish in the United States and is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri [1]. Concerns about the development of antibiotic resistant strains of E. ictaluri and F. columnare from the use of these antibiotics and public concerns about the environmental impact from the use of antibiotic-laden feeds in agriculture make the future use of medicated feed in catfish aquaculture uncertain. Columnare from the use of these antibiotics and public concerns about the environmental impact from the use of antibiotic-laden feeds in agriculture make the future use of medicated feed in catfish aquaculture uncertain Another management approach in dealing with ESC and columnaris infection in catfish aquaculture is the use of therapeutants. Recent research demonstrated that KMnO4 has a prophylactic value, but only a marginal therapeutic value once an infection of columnaris is established in channel catfish [4]
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