Plant morphological characters diversity of several superior and local varieties of garlic in various agroecological types

Abstract

Since 2017, the government has determined garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a priority vegetable commodity. Support for the varieties selection is needed in garlic development areas with various agroecology. There were 7 varieties of garlic (Lumbu Hijau, Lumbu Kuning, Lumbu Putih, Tawang Mangu Baru, Sangga Sembalun, Geol and Kusuma) planted in Batu, Malang, Pasuruan, Probolinggo and Mojokerto areas. Research activities related to the diversity of plant characters including leaves, tubers and cloves were conducted from 2022 to 2023 with descriptive data processing methods. The varieties currently be in developed were able to compete with imported garlic. Lumbu Kuning from Sumber Brantas, Batu, has a weight of up to 12,9 g per clove, 100 cloves weigh 372,8 g with around 2-10 cloves per tuber. Meanwhile, Lumbu Hijau from Pujon, Malang, has a weight of 4,4 g per clove, 262,3 g per 100 cloves and the number of cloves per tuber is around 2-10. Imported garlic has a weight per clove up to 6,7 g, 311,6 g per 100 cloves, and the number of cloves per tuber is 7-13. The plants performance is also different between varieties and tends to be different in quantitative characteristics according to the method of cultivation and agroecology.