Abstract
Ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10) proteins are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has three RPL10 genes encoding RPL10A to RPL10C proteins, while two genes are present in the maize (Zea mays) genome (rpl10-1 and rpl10-2). Maize and Arabidopsis RPL10s are tissue-specific and developmentally regulated, showing high levels of expression in tissues with active cell division. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicate that RPL10s in Arabidopsis associate with translation proteins, demonstrating that it is a component of the 80S ribosome. Previously, ultraviolet-B (UV-B) exposure was shown to increase the expression of a number of maize ribosomal protein genes, including rpl10. In this work, we demonstrate that maize rpl10 genes are induced by UV-B while Arabidopsis RPL10s are differentially regulated by this radiation: RPL10A is not UV-B regulated, RPL10B is down-regulated, while RPL10C is up-regulated by UV-B in all organs studied. Characterization of Arabidopsis T-DNA insertional mutants indicates that RPL10 genes are not functionally equivalent. rpl10A and rpl10B mutant plants show different phenotypes: knockout rpl10A mutants are lethal, rpl10A heterozygous plants are deficient in translation under UV-B conditions, and knockdown homozygous rpl10B mutants show abnormal growth. Based on the results described here, RPL10 genes are not redundant and participate in development and translation under UV-B stress.
Highlights
Ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10) proteins are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom
Three RPL10 genes were identified in the Arabidopsis genome as orthologs to the Homo sapiens Qm gene (Dowdy et al, 1991) and named RPL10A, RPL10B, and RPL10C, while two genes encoding RPL10 were identified in the maize genome and named rpl10-1 and rpl10-2
RPL10 expression was analyzed at different stages of leaf development; in maize, the highest level of both transcripts was in 1-week-old leaves, while lower levels of RPL10 transcripts were detected in older developmental stages (Fig. 1C)
Summary
Ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10) proteins are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has three RPL10 genes encoding RPL10A to RPL10C proteins, while two genes are present in the maize (Zea mays) genome (rpl and rpl). By transcriptome profiling, the expression of a number of ribosomal proteins was found to be up-regulated by UV-B light in maize (Zea mays) plants exposed under different light regimes (Casati and Walbot, 2003) In those experiments, rpl was found to be up-regulated by UV-B light. To further investigate the role of ribosomal proteins in UV-B responses, in particular the participation of RPL10 under conditions of UV-B stress, and to investigate if RPL10 proteins in plants have similar roles in development as described in other species, we studied the family of maize and Arabidopsis RPL10 genes. Arabidopsis insertional mutants defective in particular RPL10 genes were obtained; characterization of the mutants indicates that RPL10 proteins are not functionally equivalent and participate in development and translation under UV-B stress
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