Abstract
A natural bacterial isolate that shows multiple plant growth-promoting activities was isolated from fermented panchagavya (a mixture of five indigenous cow products). It is a gram-positive, endospore-forming bacteria identified as Bacillus sp. PG-8 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The Bacillus sp. PG-8 have shown multiple plant growth-promoting activities as indole acetic acid (2.78 μg/ml), gibberellic acid (0.7 mg/ml), ammonia (6.51 μmol/ml), exopolysaccharide (2.6% w/v) production, and phosphate solubilization (198.27 μg/ml). The Bacillus sp. PG-8 has ability to survive under the abiotic stress conditions such as temperature (28–46°C), pH (5.0–12.0), salt (0.5–20.0% w/v NaCl), and osmotic resistance (1–10% w/v PEG-6000). Due to its diverse characteristics, the effect of Bacillus sp. PG-8 was tested on Arachis hypogea (groundnut). The seeds treated with Bacillus sp. PG-8 demonstrated a 70% germination rate with seedling vigor indexes of 154. In pot study, Arachis hypogea growth showed 1.38, 1.38, 1.32, 1.39, and 1.52 times increase in root hair number, leaf numbers, leaf width, leaf length, and leaf area, respectively. The addition of Bacillus sp. PG-8 culture to the Arachis hypogea plant resulted in a significant improvement in plant growth. Bacillus sp. PG-8 is a spore producer with stress tolerance and multiple plant growth-promoting properties, which makes it a potential liquid biofertilizer candidate.
Highlights
Panchagavya refers to as “combination of five cow products of indigenous cow,” which includes dung, urine, milk, curd, and ghee
A total of sixty-four culturally different bacteria were isolated from the fermented panchagavya (Gohil et al, 2020)
A grampositive PG-8 bacteria showed multiple plant growth-promoting activities with abiotic stress responses, and it was selected for further study
Summary
Panchagavya refers to as “combination of five cow products of indigenous cow,” which includes dung, urine, milk, curd, and ghee. It has been used in many ancient Indian health and sustainable agriculture customs. Fermented panchagavya is an organic liquid preparation mentioned in ancient Indian literature such as Vrikshayurveda that depicts the good farming practices for different plants (Natarajan, 2002). Plant Growth Promotion by Panchagavya Bacteria preparation (Anandham et al, 2015). The bacteria isolated from panchagavya belonged to Bacillus safensis or Bacillus cereus, which showed plant growth-promoting attributes (Radha and Rao, 2014). Two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis, were reported in the fermented panchagavya (Ram et al, 2019)
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