Abstract
Echeveria laui (Crassulaceae) is commonly commercialized due to its drought-tolerance capacity and to its rosette-shaped aesthetics. Since endophytes associated with plants from a dry or arid environment have scarcely been analyzed as yet, current research comprises the isolation of leaf endophytic bacteria from E. laui (one five-year-old and one two-year-old plants) investigating plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria which may solubilize phosphate, fix nitrogen, produce exopolysaccharides/IAA and antagonize phytopathogens. Isolation by the maceration methodology provided a colonization rate of 1.98 x109 CFU g-1 for the two-year-old plant and 1.14 x 1010 CFU g-1 for the five-year-old one. All 40 isolates evaluated showed in vitro plant growth-promoting agent’s abilities, with emphasis on EG04, ELG18, and ELP06. The capacity of the three best bacterial isolates were evaluated under greenhouse conditions in common and black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Based on the sequencing of the 16S rRNA region and phylogenetic analysis, the three endophytes were identified as Pantoea sp. (ELG04 and ELG18) and Erwinia sp. (ELP06). Under greenhouse conditions, statistically significant differences were found among the plants treated with the three endophytes when compared to control plants for fresh and dry shoot, root biomass and length.
Highlights
Echeveria laui (Crassulaceae) is a plant that belongs to the genus Echeveria, with 150 species already described (Jo, Jang, Hong & Parque, 2018)
Considering these important activities for plantgrowth promoting agents, the endophytes ELP06, ELG04, and ELG18 were selected since they showed all activities and stand out as their ability to solubilize phosphate (ELP06 3.44 cm, ELG04 2.93 cm, and ELG18 2.83 cm), produce exopolysaccharides (ELP06 16 mm, ELG04 mm, and ELG18 mm), fix nitrogen and, especially, produce expressive amounts of Indoleacetic acid (IAA) (ELP06 76 μg mL-1, ELG04 46 μg mL-1, and ELG18 38 μg mL-1) when compared to the others strains evaluated (Table S1)
These three endophytes were molecularly identified by DNA sequencing and investigated under greenhouse conditions in bean plants
Summary
Echeveria laui (Crassulaceae) is a plant that belongs to the genus Echeveria, with 150 species already described (Jo, Jang, Hong & Parque, 2018). Studies report on the biological application of crude extracts of secondary metabolites from the genus Echeveria have been performed (López-Ângulo et al, 2016). Et al – Plant growth-promoting in bean plants associated with plants from a dry or arid environment are still poorly studied. Studies on these still unknown endophytic communities may provide new knowledge on their taxonomy, ecology and biotechnological application in different areas (Bezerra, Azevedo & Souza-Motta, 2017). Endophytes are known to colonize different plants living for at least part of their life cycle within their hosts (Adhikari & Pandey, 2019)
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