Abstract
Introduction. In intensive farming, soil fertility is enhanced via sufficient amounts of organic and mineral fertilizers, appropriate ameliorative measures, and providing effective biodiversity in agricultural lands. Crop rotations play an important role in preserving and restoring soil fertility as well as in increasing crop yields.Along with cereals, high potential soybean plays a special role in crop rotations. This crop is important for providing food, improving soil fertility and, as green fodder, for livestock development.Material and methods. Crop rotations were compared with monocrops by the Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Plant Diversification of the Absheron Subsidiary Research Farm in 2015–2017. Weighty results have been obtained with the effective use of organic matter from root and top residues by other plants.Result and discussion. In the bean formation phase, the green mass of soybean increased by 2.15 t/ha, and the dry matter - by 0.69 t ha in the crop rotation compared to the monocrop.The results showed that in the crop rotation the amount of plant residues per hectare collected from the 0-40 cmlayer of soil increased from 2.38 t to 2.68 t in soybean, from 4.38 t to 4.76 t in winter wheat, and from 3.95 t to 4.21 t in barleyConclusions. The results demonstrated that the plant growth and development in monocrops was slowed down. The highest values of height, green mass, dry matter, root weight and yield were recorded in the crop rotation.
Highlights
soil fertility is enhanced via sufficient amounts
high potential soybean plays a special role in crop rotations
This crop is important for providing food
Summary
Одним из преимуществ сои является развитие животноводства путем устранения дефицита белка в кормопроизводстве. Содержание аминокислот в злаковых кормах очень низкое. Поэтому наиболее эффективным методом обогащения кормов из зерновых культур незаменимыми аминокислотами является использование сои (зерно, зеленая масса и солома). Зеленая масса сои содержит все питательные вещества, необходимые организму. Кормление скота зелеными кормами увеличивает содержание жира в молоке на 0,2–0,5 % [7]. Солома сои является грубым питательным кормом, который используется в животноводстве, а мука из соевых зерен – в птицеводстве. Для определения зеленой массы и сухого вещества сои растения были вырваны с измерительных участков и взвешены после удаления корней. После полного высыхания было проведено повторное взвешивание растений Таблица 2 Динамика накопления зеленой массы и сухого вещества по фазам развития сои, г/растение, 2016–2017 гг
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