Abstract
Humans have been committed to space exploration and to find the next planet suitable for human survival. The construction of an ecosystem that adapts to the long-term survival of human beings in space stations or other planets would be the first step. The space plant cultivation system is the key component of an ecosystem, which will produce food, fiber, edible oil and oxygen for future space inhabitants. Many plant experiments have been carried out under a stimulated or real environment of altered gravity, including at microgravity (0 g), Moon gravity (0.17 g) and Mars gravity (0.38 g). How plants sense gravity and change under stress environment of altered gravity were summarized in this review. However, many challenges remain regarding human missions to the Moon or Mars. Our group conducted the first plant experiment under real Moon gravity (0.17 g) in 2019. One of the cotton seeds successfully germinated and produced a green seedling, which represents the first green leaf produced by mankind on the Moon.
Highlights
IntroductionEarth’s life adapts to environmental factors (temperature, humidity, gravity etc.) and is very successful at survival [1,2,3]
Earth’s life adapts to environmental factors and is very successful at survival [1,2,3]
In Formula (2), F is the combined force shown by the amyloplasts, G is the gravity of the amyloplasts, Fb is the buoyancy of the amyloplasts, Fr is the viscous resistance of the amyloplasts when they move in the cytoplasm, ρ1 is the amyloplast density, ρ2 is the density of the cytoplasm, and V is the volume of the amyloplasts (Figure 1)
Summary
Earth’s life adapts to environmental factors (temperature, humidity, gravity etc.) and is very successful at survival [1,2,3]. The scientific significance of plant microgravity experiments in space biology is to study the mechanism of constructing spatial biological regeneration systems and plant sensing gravity. An important part of human space exploration is the construction of a plant-based life regeneration ecosystem [5]. Plant biology experiments in ground-controlled environments have contributed to simulate the various changes in plant growth under a space environment of altered gravity [6,7]. Many studies have been carried out to simulate the low-gravity environment of planets such as the Moon and Mars [7,8,9,10]. The construction of a life-regeneration ecosystem on other planets is an important technical issue in space biology [12]. The simulation of space plant growth experiments and the development of planetary surface plant experiments must be further emphasized [13]
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