Abstract
DNA barcoding has evolved as an effective species identification tool in diverse areas such as phylogeny, ecology, population genetics, and biodiversity. In this approach, a short DNA sequence from a standardized locus is employed for species identification. The technique is simple, time and cost effective, and accurate. Selection of correct DNA marker is the main criterion for success in DNA barcoding. Compared to animals, DNA barcoding is more difficult in plants, as there are multiple consensuses about selection of barcoding markers for plants DNA barcoding. Some common plant barcoding markers are chloroplast genes such as matK, rbcL, ropC1, ropB, and trnL; chloroplast intergenic specers trnH-psbA, atpF-atpH, and pdbK-psbI; and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). These markers can be used alone or in combinations with other markers or spacers. In this chapter, the basic requirements, selection of markers, databases, advantages, and limitations of DNA barcoding have been discussed.
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