Plant development and yield components under a tropical environment in soybean cultivars with temperate and tropical origins

Andy Saryoko,Koki Homma,Iskandar Lubis,Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa

doi:10.1080/1343943x.2017.1356203

Andy Saryoko, Koki Homma + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943x.2017.1356203

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Abstract

Cultivar tests under tropical environments could be an approach to explore soybean productivity under high temperature. Twenty-nine soybean cultivars divided into five groups with temperate origin (Japanese and US) and tropical origin (Indonesian-old, Indonesian-modern and other tropical) were grown for two years in a tropical environment at Banten, Indonesia, with minimal season-to-season variation in air temperature and day-length. Temperate cultivars were earlier in flowering and shorter in duration from R1 to R5. Temperate cultivars had a seed yield of 157 g m−2 (mean temperate cultivars) compared to 249 g m−2 (tropical cultivars), which was due to having lower values of pods, seed number and TDW. In addition, the occurrence of shriveling and smaller seed size compared to plants grown in their region of origin was considerably evident in Japanese cultivars. To account for the difference of growth duration, a maturity-corrected index for yield and relevant variables was calculated to consider the amount of incident solar radiation. The yield index for all tested cultivars ranged from .49 to 1.48, and Japanese cultivars showed the lowest yield index (.67), followed by US cultivars (.87), whereas tropical cultivars had index means from 1.05 to 1.20. Although they were both of temperate origin, Japanese cultivars tended to show a lower index than US cultivars. The tendency was similar for TDW and node number. The poor performance of temperate cultivars even after correction suggests that there is a genetic variation of adaptation to a tropical environment independent of growth duration. Additionally, there was considerable performance variation within temperate cultivars.

Highlights

Soybean production has dominated the temperate regions due to cool to moderately warm climates
Soybean production under high temperature environments has increased in the temperate regions due to global warming
The objective of this study was to evaluate the variability of growth and yield performance in soybean genotypes grown under a tropical environment

Summary

Introduction

Soybean production has dominated the temperate regions due to cool to moderately warm climates. Soybean production under high temperature environments has increased in the temperate regions due to global warming. Concerns have emerged that global climate change may impact soybean production (Prasad et al, 2006, 2017). A recent analysis of long-term data revealed that growing season temperatures had a negative impact on soybean yields and caused a 17% reduction for every 1 °C rise (Lobell & Asner, 2003). Studies using a temperature gradient chamber (TGC) and a model-aided analysis on farmers’ yields have demonstrated significant negative effects of increased temperature on soybean yield under a temperate climate (Tacarindua et al, 2012, 2013), and reductions in both reproductive development and biomass production were associated. The variability of soybean genotypes in response to high temperature has been very limited (Chebrolu et al, 2016; Mochizuki et al, 2005), which is crucially important for soybean breeding for better adaptations to high temperature

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