Abstract
AbstractThis article attempts to report native growth, plant description, phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of Syzygium aqueum, S. aromaticum, S. cumini, S. guineense and S. samarangense. Those are the large public species in the Syzygium genus and some of them have been used as traditional medicines. Different parts (leaves, seeds, fruits, barks, stem barks and flower buds) of each species plant are rich in phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides and phenolics. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, toxicity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic activities are reported in various extracts (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) from different parts of Syzygium sp. The bioactivities were studied by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays for antioxidant, 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazoly)-3-(4-sulfophenyl) tetrazolium and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays for anticancer, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays for antidiabetic, agar well diffusion method for antimicrobial and brine shrimp lethality assay for toxicity. Moreover, this review shows that phytochemical constituents of each species significantly presented various bioactivities. Therefore, this review suggests that there is great potential for obtaining the lead drug from these species.
Highlights
Natural products are resources derived from living organisms, such as plants, animals and microorganisms
The antibacterial and antifungal activities of S. aromaticum oil were determined by using the agar well diffusion method against S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria and C. albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium
Various parts of Syzygium species are reported for the treatment of antioxidant, anticancer, toxicity, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities
Summary
Natural products are resources derived from living organisms, such as plants, animals and microorganisms. Phytochemicals in plants have undoubtedly been a resource of medicinal treatment for human diseases for a long time They played a key role in primary health care of nearly 75–80% of the world’s population according to the World Health Organization [3]. Phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of Syzygium genus 1257 species [9]. Syzygium genus contains abundant secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, chalcones, flavonoids, lignans, alkyl phloroglucinols, hydrolysable tannins and chromone derivatives [19], which exhibits bioactivities such as antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic [20], anti-HIV, antidiarrheal, anthelmintic and antivirus activities [16]. Plant descriptions, phytochemical constituents and bioactivities from different parts of plants (five species) are studied in this review article (Table 1)
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