Abstract

Reversal of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction under high-glucose (HG) conditions to achieve angiogenesis has remained a big challenge in diabetic ulcers. Herein, exosomes derived from medicinal plant ginseng (GExos) were shown as excellent nanotherapeutics with biomimetic cell membrane-like structures to be able to efficiently transfer the encapsulated active substances to ECs, resulting in a marked reprogramming of glycolysis by up-regulating anaerobic glycolysis and down-regulating oxidative stress, which further restore the proliferation, migration, and tubule formation abilities of ECs under HG conditions. Invivo, GExos enhance the angiogenesis and nascent vessel network reconstruction in full-thickness diabetic complicated skin ulcer wounds in mice with high biosafety. GExos were shown as promising nanotherapeutics in stimulating glycolysis reprogramming-mediated angiogenesis in diabetic ulcers, possessing wide application potential for reversing hyperglycemic dysangiogenesis and stimulating vascular regeneration.

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