Abstract
Dehydrins, also known as Group II late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, are classic intrinsically disordered proteins, which have high hydrophilicity. A wide range of hostile environmental conditions including low temperature, drought, and high salinity stimulate dehydrin expression. Numerous studies have furnished evidence for the protective role played by dehydrins in plants exposed to abiotic stress. Furthermore, dehydrins play important roles in seed maturation and plant stress tolerance. Hence, dehydrins might also protect plasma membranes and proteins and stabilize DNA conformations. In the present review, we discuss the regulatory networks of dehydrin gene expression including the abscisic acid (ABA), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, and Ca2+ signaling pathways. Crosstalk among these molecules and pathways may form a complex, diverse regulatory network, which may be implicated in regulating the same dehydrin.
Highlights
Hostile environmental conditions such as high salinity, drought, and low temperature threaten plant growth and development and lower crop yield
The present review focuses on the complex dehydrins gene expression regulatory network and aims to elucidate the self-protection mechanism that dehydrins activate in plants challenged by abiotic stress
Several plant dehydrins combine with metal ions, reduce DNA and protein damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and alleviate physiological disorders caused by heavy metals
Summary
Hostile environmental conditions such as high salinity, drought, and low temperature threaten plant growth and development and lower crop yield. Abiotic stress can cause the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which damage the structure of cell membranes and affect the functions of proteins and nucleic acids. Recent years we known dehydrins participate in regulation of genes that response to abiotic stress. The present review focuses on the complex dehydrins gene expression regulatory network and aims to elucidate the self-protection mechanism that dehydrins activate in plants challenged by abiotic stress. Arabidopsis and they are widely applied in stress biology They include RAB18 (Y2 SK2 type), RD29A (Kn-type), RD29B (Kn-type), COR47 (SK3 -type), ERD10 (SK3 -type), ERD14. RD29A, RD29B, RAB18, COR47, and others are both dehydrin and abiotic stress marker genes. AmDHN132 and AmDHN200 proteins were detected in the plasma membrane of transgenic Arabidopsis They play roles in membrane protection [21]
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