Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study was aimed to elucidate the mitigation mechanism of an endophytic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis (BERA 71) against Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid disease in mung bean. M. phaseolina reduced the plant growth by inducing disease, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation. The inoculation of B. subtilis to diseased plants increased chlorophyll, ascorbic acids, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities, and while inhibited H2O2 and lipid peroxidation for enhancing plant growth. In addition, B. subtilis association in plants mitigated the M. phaseolina infection due to increase of indole acetic acids and indole butyric acid, and also a decrease of abscisic acid. However, the nutrients (N, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe) were increased, except Na in M. phaseolina diseased plants treated with B. subtilis. The result of this study suggests that B. subtilis interaction with plants can modulate the metabolism of pigments, hormones, antioxidants and nutrients against M. phaseolina to induce disease resistance in mung bean.
Highlights
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.Wilczek) is an important food legume crop, and serves as a source of protein diet to human and animal population (Taylor et al 2005; Yaqub et al 2010)
Kelen et al (2004) method was used for quantification of indole acetic acid (IAA) and indole butyric acid (IBA).The purified extract residue was subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography on a column of PEGASIL ODS (6 mm i.d. × 150 mm, Senshu Kagaku, Tokyo, Japan), and the concentrations of IAA and IBA were calculated from the standard curves of those hormones
The results of the present study revealed that plant growth hormones IAA and IBA, and the stress-responsible hormone Abscisic acid (ABA) were affected by the infection of M. phaseolina and treatment of B. subtilis in mung bean (Table 6)
Summary
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.Wilczek) is an important food legume crop, and serves as a source of protein diet to human and animal population (Taylor et al 2005; Yaqub et al 2010). Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is one of the virulents and destructive pathogens (Sandhu and Singh 1998) and causes charcoal root-rot disease and has been reported as the most devastating disease of mung bean cultivation. The pathogen attacks on all parts of the plant, including roots, stems, branches, petioles, leaves, pods and seeds. The infection of M. phaseolina on seeds (2.2–15.7%) causes the reduction of 10.8% in grain yield and 12.3% in protein content of mung bean (Kaushik et al 1987). Soil- and seed-borne nature of the disease-causing pathogens pose a major problem for an effective disease management. Different tolerance mechanisms are involved in averting the negative effects of these stresses, including up and down-regulation of physiologically and biochemically important traits such as osmotic regulation, antioxidants and ion exclusion (Oliva et al 2009). The potential recovery of plants from oxidative damage is dependent on the detoxification of ROS for protecting vital cellular functions (Dong et al 2012)
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