Plant Cell Wall Proteomics as a Strategy to Reveal Candidate Proteins Involved in Extracellular Lipid Metabolism

Abstract

Plant cell walls are composite structures surrounding cells and involved in both mechanical support and perception of their environment. They are mainly composed of polysaccharides (90-95% of their mass) and proteins (5-10%). The cell wall proteins (CWPs) contribute to the arrangements and modifications of polymer networks and to cell-to-cell communication. The structure and composition of cell walls are not uniform in the whole plants, but rather specialized in different cell types to fulfil different functions. As examples, two kinds of cells are covered with extracellular structures composed of lipids: epidermal cells of aerial organs synthesize a cuticle on their outside surface whereas endodermal root cells form a suberin surrounding strip. In both cases, these particular hydrophobic layers contribute to the protection of the cells against attacks by pathogens or abiotic stresses and regulate physiological processes. If the intracellular biosynthesis of the molecules forming these layers starts to be welldescribed, the mechanisms of their assembly beyond the plasma membrane remain largely unknown. In this review, this issue is addressed on the basis on cell wall proteomics data which has allowed the identification of many CWPs possibly related to lipid metabolism during the last years, in particular in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato. These data are combined with transcriptomics and genetics studies. The main known roles of extracellular proteins related to lipid metabolism are discussed.