Abstract
In the era of recombinant DNA technology, production of recombinant vaccines in green plants has emerged as an effective approach addressing the problems of traditional vaccine production. Various antigens expressed in different plant species have been so far tested for the production of efficient oral vaccines against human and livestock diseases. However, recombinant vaccines have not yet found a prominent place in pharmaceutical market. There are still many challenges to be addressed to pave the road for commercial production of plant-based recombinant vaccines. Regarding increasing growth in laboratory studies and field trials for development of plant-based vaccines, this review paper provides a comprehensive overview on the topic of plant-derived vaccines and related issues. [GMJ.2017;6(4):268-80] DOI:10.22086/gmj.v6i3.792
 
Highlights
Plant molecular farming is the science and, more exactly, the art of producing recombinant proteins or secondary metabolites in plants
A plant-based vaccine is a recombinant antigen produced in an herbal host by means of recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering tools to serve as elicitors of protective immunity throughout the administration by distinct routes [4]
We reviewed the history of development of plant-based recombinant vaccines and described the latest progress made by researchers in this field
Summary
Plant molecular farming is the science and, more exactly, the art of producing recombinant proteins or secondary metabolites in plants. An alternative approach would be engineering epitope genes into the cpDNA, which is not transmitted to the sexual progeny through the pollen grains [53] With this approach, land needed for industrial plant-derived vaccine production will be in the order of a few thousand square meters because expression level of the antigen is of high magnitude. This is the case for both nuclear and chloroplast transformation [56].Despite numerous advantages of plant-based recombinant vaccines, most of pharmaceutical companies are still reluctant to make considerable investment in the field of plant-derived vaccine development for human and animal diseases This hesitation stems mainly from the concern about the potential for significant return on investment, market acceptance, lack of governmental support, problems in regulatory processes, lack of personnel with sufficient expertise, and so on [57]. As mentioned before, more attempts are needed to bring the plant-based vaccine in the global market
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