Plant-Based Gums and Mucilages Applications in Pharmacology and Nanomedicine: A Review.

Mohammad Sadegh Amiri,Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi,Vahideh Mohammadzadeh,Mahmood Barani,Abbas Rahdar,George Z Kyzas

doi:10.3390/molecules26061770

Abstract

Gums are carbohydrate biomolecules that have the potential to bind water and form gels. Gums are regularly linked with proteins and minerals in their construction. Gums have several forms, such as mucilage gums, seed gums, exudate gums, etc. Plant gums are one of the most important gums because of their bioavailability. Plant-derived gums have been used by humans since ancient times for numerous applications. The main features that make them appropriate for use in different applications are high stabilization, viscosity, adhesive property, emulsification action, and surface-active activity. In many pharmaceutical formulations, plant-based gums and mucilages are the key ingredients due to their bioavailability, widespread accessibility, non-toxicity, and reasonable prices. These compete with many polymeric materials for use as different pharmaceuticals in today’s time and have created a significant achievement from being an excipient to innovative drug carriers. In particular, scientists and pharmacy industries around the world have been drawn to uncover the secret potential of plant-based gums and mucilages through a deeper understanding of their physicochemical characteristics and the development of safety profile information. This innovative unique class of drug products, useful in advanced drug delivery applications, gene therapy, and biosynthesis, has been developed by modification of plant-based gums and mucilages. In this review, both fundamental and novel medicinal aspects of plant-based gums and mucilages, along with their capacity for pharmacology and nanomedicine, were demonstrated.

Highlights

Extensive use of various excipients, such as binders, thickening agents, sweeteners, and glidants, which can change the physicochemical properties of the final formulation of the drug and adjust the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, has made significant progress in the field of drug delivery systems [1]
Synthetic polymers have disadvantages, such as: poor adaptation to the patient’s body, high cost, and can cause acute and chronic side effects, for example: poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) can cause skin and eye irritation; povidone accumulates in the limbs at the injection site during subcutaneous injection and forms granulomas; animal studies have shown that carbomer934P is toxic in oral consumption and the resulting dust has caused allergic reactions in the eyes, mucous membranes and respiratory tract; and the use of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution in subcutaneous injection has caused anemia
Basil seed mucilage nanoparticles can be used for increasing shelf-life of stored food commodities the electrospun quince seed mucilage, in combination with polycaprolactone based scaffolds

Summary

Introduction

Extensive use of various excipients, such as binders, thickening agents, sweeteners, and glidants, which can change the physicochemical properties of the final formulation of the drug and adjust the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, has made significant progress in the field of drug delivery systems [1]. The use of natural plant-derived polysaccharides as excipients has increased in the pharmaceutical industry and can solve formulation problems and reduce the side effects of synthetic polymers [19,20]. Gums and mucilages are among these excipients They are widely used in the medicine and cosmetic industries and can be modified for use in a variety of drug delivery systems [22]

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