Abstract
Nutrients are indispensable elements required for the growth of all living organisms including plants and pathogens. Phyllosphere, rhizosphere, apoplast, phloem, xylem, and cell organelles are the nutrient niches in plants that are the target of bacterial pathogens. Depending upon nutrients availability, the pathogen adapts various acquisition strategies and inhabits the specific niche. In this review, we discuss the nutrient composition of different niches in plants, the mechanisms involved in the recognition of nutrient niche and the sophisticated strategies used by the bacterial pathogens for acquiring nutrients. We provide insight into various nutrient acquisition strategies used by necrotrophic, biotrophic, and hemibiotrophic bacteria. Specifically we discuss both modulation of bacterial machinery and manipulation of host machinery. In addition, we highlight the current status of our understanding about the nutrient acquisition strategies used by bacterial pathogens, namely targeting the sugar transporters that are dedicated for the plant’s growth and development. Bacterial strategies for altering the plant cell membrane permeability to enhance the release of nutrients are also enumerated along with in-depth analysis of molecular mechanisms behind these strategies. The information presented in this review will be useful to understand the plant–pathogen interaction in nutrient perspective.
Highlights
Pathogenic bacteria infect host plants to acquire nutrients
Plant nutrient niches are widely and differentially targeted by the bacterial pathogens and availability of nutrients plays a major role in determining the ability of pathogens to grow and multiply in these niches
This indicates that bacterial pathogens have to cope with the inconsistent environment for which they modulate their metabolism in accordance with the nutrient content of different nutrient niches
Summary
Pathogenic bacteria infect host plants to acquire nutrients. Initially, bacterial pathogens colonize the plant surfaces namely, the phyllosphere and the rhizosphere and obtain nutrients. Some effector molecules facilitate the sugar efflux by inducing the expression of genes encoding sugar transporters or genes involved in changing the membrane permeability characteristics of host cell (Chen et al, 2010; Wang et al, 2012). We enumerate different types of nutrient acquisition strategies used by pathogenic bacteria for their multiplication in the host plants.
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