Planning Urbanization and Urban Growth in the Socialist Period

Abstract

This article argues that socialist cities were fundamentally shaped by both “modern” and “traditional” concepts of urbanism, showing major shifts throughout time and remarkable differences from one city to another. After an examination of the planners’ debates in the Soviet Union during the 1930s, the three East German cities of Eisenhuttenstadt, Schwedt, and Berlin Marzahn are analyzed to show common features as well as the different pathways of urban development. Special attention is given to the relationship between inner-urban transformation and “extensive urbanism,” and to the question of socialist environmental problems and lifestyles. It is claimed that the socialist pathway of urban development differed considerably from the process of suburbanization in the Western countries and can be interpreted as an attempt to realize “socialist utopias” by forming socialist men, socialist families, and socialist neighborhoods with the help of urbanism.