Abstract
In the run-up to the Second World War, the social democratic governments in Scandinavia pursued a policy of non-alignment similar to the one that successfully kept them out of the First World War. This entailed withdrawing wholly or in part from the collective security of the League of Nations and accommodating the increased aggression of Nazi Germany. When Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939, following the German invasion of Poland two days earlier, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden immediately declared neutrality. A joint statement issued on 18 September held that to protect their economic sustainability, the Scandinavian countries would continue to trade with all the warring parties.
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