Abstract
Estuarine habitats of southeast Australia have been undergoing changes characterized by a reduction of saltmarsh and an increase of mangroves. Incorporated into these changes have been mangrove migration into saltmarsh areas, thus contributing to the latter's decline. At the same time, rapid and extensive change in the catchments of many estuaries has occurred as a result of urban and rural development. It has been estimated that the changes observed between mangrove and saltmarsh wetland vegetation is caused by a series of processes, including urbanization and increased population pressure, increased rainfall, increased nutrients, mangroves recolonizing previously cleared areas, engineering works and subsequent altered tidal patterns, sea-level rise, and subsidence of intertidal flats. Planning strategies are suggested that can be implemented in an integrated manner to mitigate the threats from these processes and to ensure the sustainable management of mangrove and saltmarsh wetlands.
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