Planning of treatment in patients with orthodontic profile with registration of topography of key teeth

Abstract

Aim. Determination of the position of the central point and canines in patients with anomalies in the shape and size of dental arches. Materials and methods. The materials of the research were the results of measurements of diagnostic gypsum models of dental rows of 63 people of the first period of adulthood with a full set of permanent teeth, physiological occlusion and 59 people with shape anomalies, the size of dental arches of the same age period. The width of the crowns of the teeth was measured in the mesial-distal direction. The width of the dental arch was determined between the points located on the vestibular distal tubercles near the occlusal contour of the crowns. The frontal-distal and canine diagonal was measured from the central point located between the medial incisors near the cutting edge to the points located on the molars and canines, respectively. The depth of the dental arch was determined from the central intercellular point to the line joining the antimers, in particular canines and molars. Results. Taking into account morphological, clinical studies and mathematical modeling, an algorithm for examining patients with anomalies in the shape and size of dental arches has been developed, which makes it possible to reveal the position of the central (inter cut) point. The basis of the algorithm is the measurement of the width of the dental arch between the second molars and the value of the front-distal diagonal, defined as the ratio of the half sum of 14 teeth to the coefficient of 1.04. It is established that the location of the canines is determined from the size of the frontal canine diagonal calculated as the ratio of the diagonal of the dental arch to the ratio of the length of the dental arch to the sum of the width of the crowns of six anterior teeth and using a correction factor of 0.1. Conclusion. Improving the methods of diagnosis of dentoalveolar anomalies allows not only minimizing errors associated with instrumental measurement techniques, but, due to the predictability of orthodontic treatment, to achieve optimal functional and aesthetic results. The introduction of the algorithm will, with a high degree of certainty, establish the position of the central point and key teeth. The use of these guidelines in patients with anomalies in the shape, size of the dental arches, due to a reasoned choice of tactics and the volume of manipulations conducted, will reduce the time spent in the diagnostic phase.