Abstract
This chapter discusses planning of peak-load supply and frequency control in insular systems. In isolated small-area supply networks with low total load ratings, requirements in regard to peak-load coverage, frequency stability, and standby reserves are of much greater significance than they are in grid systems. The Berlin (West) network supplies a municipal area of 480 square km with a population of 2 million, and has been operated as an insular system since 1951. In view of the growing percentage of gas turbines and their higher breakdown probability, the risk of noncoverage may rise in the future, unless reserve capacity is increased. The planning of additional generating capacity must also take account of the possibility of incorporation in a supraregional grid system, the installation of an atomic power station and the general uncertainty of the economic trend of developments. At present, it is the gas turbines that take over the largest share of peak-load cover, having proved to be the optimum modules in the planning of construction sequences.
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