Abstract
Forest road construction for harvest operation are always been subjected to certain constrictions and limitations. Engineering practices on forest road alignment are hindered by costly environmental and operational assessment. GIS tools and related data such as remote sensing allows in allocating suitable access road by taking consideration of environmental and cost implication. The aim of this study is to present the method of integration of remote sensing data and GIS in allocating access road for forest harvesting using best path modeling. Therefore, the specific objectives of this study are to allocate the optimal forest roads network in forest operation, and to determine the density of forest road network. Allocating the best paths for forest road access for timber harvesting is a problem that can be solved by computer based approaches using spatial modeling. Spatial modeling is used to compute the indicative factors that suit road allocation. The model developed and designed using GIS to propose feasibility forest road allocation in the hill area. The method was designed to produce road layouts taking topographical features and forest environmental constraints into special consideration. In this study, four grid themes influencing the road construction were identified; elevation, slope, barrier of lake and distance to existing roads. The total of access road aligned and proposed in the respective area was 28,745.35m. Meanwhile the overall density calculated in selected compartments was about 9.93m/ha (0.80%). The densities of road paths presented here were achieved below as outlined by the forestry department. Thus, there is potential to reduce damage to the residual stand and to the ground area disturbance by the harvesting operation. The forest road alignment and information in this study provides an initial foundation on which GIS can be used for this kind of analysis in forest road planning. The result is not only associated with forest transportation, but at the same time is useful to identify a risk of road construction to the environment. This revealed that the minimum density of forest road construction can help mitigate the loss of ecological services of tropical forest subject to logging pressure and lead to greater financial benefit in future operations.
Highlights
Most of the forest roads in Peninsular Malaysia are located in the hilly region, characterized by steep terrain and dense river of networks
The aim of this study is to present the method of integration of remote sensing data and Geographical Information System (GIS) in allocating access road for forest harvesting using best path modeling
This output grid theme shows the total cost of constructing road paths through each cell or how suitable each location is for locating the new access road
Summary
Most of the forest roads in Peninsular Malaysia are located in the hilly region, characterized by steep terrain and dense river of networks. One of the major problems is that extreme slopes often occur when constructing forest roads especially in hilly areas. Restrictions and regulations on slope limitations, buffer zones, minimum cutting limits, prohibited species and road density which pose little problem to loggers in the past have become major problems as operations are shifting from the gentler and richer flat land to the steeper and unevenly stocked terrain of tropical hill forests. This constraint represents a major impediment in use of specific areas, Vol 3, No 3
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