Abstract

Adenauer believed in formal planning.1 Both statesmen were much admired for their expertise at improvisation.2 This tradition accounts in part for the late development of planning staffs in the German foreign and defence ministries. Other explanatory factors include the bureaucratic phenomenon, the origin of the Federal Republic, and Chancellor Adenauer's authoritarian style.8 The impetus for planning derived eventually more from external than from internal experience.4 This essay explores the theory and practice of planning in German foreign policy, with an emphasis on organization and the central issues of administration. Particular attention is given to the evolution and the contemporary role of the principal foreignpolicy planning agencies.

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