Abstract
Planning Implications Related to Sterilization-Sensitive Science Investigations Associated with Mars Sample Return (MSR).
Highlights
1.1 BackgroundThe first element of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/European Space Agency (ESA) Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign is currently underway, with the launch of NASA’s Mars 2020 mission in late July 2020
Planetary Protection requirements may determine that unsterilized subsamples cannot be safely released to non-Biosafety Level-4 (BSL-4) terrestrial laboratories
Sample properties that do not survive sterilization intact should be measured on unsterilized subsamples, and the Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) should support such measurements
Summary
1.1 Background 1.2 Scope of the report 1.3 Science goals 1.4 Key assumptions 2. Sterilization-Sensitive Science I: Extant or Recent Life 3.1 Background 3.2 Sterilization by dry heat 3.3 Sterilization by gamma (γ) irradiation 3.4 Conclusions 4. Sterilization-Sensitive Science II: Organic Molecular Biosignatures 4.1 Background 4.2 Sterilization by dry heat 4.3 Sterilization by gamma (γ) irradiation 4.4 Conclusions. 5.1 Background 5.2 “Water” and its constituents in minerals and amorphous solids 5.3 Sterilization by dry heat 5.4 Sterilization by gamma (γ) irradiation 5.5 Fluid inclusions 5.6 Physical, inorganic chemical, isotopic, and mineral biosignatures 5.7 Igneous and metamorphic rocks and minerals 5.8 Conclusions 6. Analysis of Gas Samples 6.1 Background 6.2 Sterilization by dry heat 6.3 Sterilization by gamma (γ) irradiation 6.4 Sterilization by filtration 6.5 Conclusions 7. Implications for the SRF 7.1 Background 7.2 Key Assumptions 7.3 Support in the SRF for sterilization sensitive measurements—Processes 7.4 Support in the SRF for sterilization sensitive measurements—Instruments 7.5 Agnostic biosignatures
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