Planning for Mars Returned Sample Science: Final Report of the MSR End-to-End International Science Analysis Group (E2E-iSAG)

Abstract

AstrobiologyVol. 12, No. 3 News & ViewsPlanning for Mars Returned Sample Science: Final Report of the MSR End-to-End International Science Analysis Group (E2E-iSAG)Published Online:2 Apr 2012https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2011.0805AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View articleAbstractExecutive Summary1. Introduction1.1. A proposed MSR implementation architecture2. MSR Campaign Scientific Aims and Objectives2.1. Introduction2.2. Specific proposed science aims and objectives for Mars returned sample science (organized by topic)2.2.1. Aim A. Life2.2.2. Aim B. Surface2.2.3. Aim C. Planetary evolution2.2.4. Aim D. Prepare for human exploration2.3. Prioritization of scientific objectives3. Achieving the Scientific Objectives—Some Considerations Involving Collecting Samples from a Field Area3.1. Relationship between field and sample science3.2. Information hierarchy3.3. Collect early, exchange later3.4. The importance of rock and soil sample suites4. Achieving the Proposed Scientific Objectives—Samples Required/Desired4.1. Integrated priorities for rock samples4.1.1. Considerations in designing the suites of rock samples4.1.2. Possible/probable variations in rock we need to be prepared to detect and sample4.1.3. Scientific value of a subsurface rock sample4.1.4. Number of rock samples desired/required4.2. Considerations related to the number and type of regolith samples4.2.2. Regolith—sampling implications4.3. Considerations related to the number and type of gas samples4.3.1. Integrated priorities for gas samples4.3.2. Atmospheric gas—sampling implications4.3.3. The importance of rock/mineral samples with fluid or melt inclusions5. Where on Mars Might It Be Possible to Obtain the Samples Needed to Achieve the Proposed Objectives of MSR?5.1. Establishing a reference landing site set5.2. Brief descriptions of the reference landing sites5.3. Implications of the reference landing set for the major EDL and mobility parameters6. Measurements on Returned Samples Required to Achieve the Proposed Objectives6.1. Analysis flow for rock and regolith samples6.1.1. Preliminary examination6.1.2. Planetary protection6.1.3. Scientific research6.1.4. Requirement for replicate analyses6.1.5. Reserve samples for future research6.2. Implications for sample sizing: rock samples6.3. Implications for sample sizing: regolith samples6.4. Implications for sample sizing: atmospheric gas samples7. Capabilities on Mars Needed to Select, Acquire, and Preserve the Samples7.1. Observations required to understand geological context7.1.1. Scale of required field observations7.2. The Pasteur payload7.2.1. Potential use of the instruments of the Pasteur payload to support the objectives of the MSR Campaign7.3. Measurement needs of the proposed 2018 joint rover in addition to those of Pasteur7.3.1. Mast-mounted instruments7.3.2. Arm-mounted instruments7.3.3. Summary of on-Mars measurement needs in excess of Pasteur7.4. Sample collection and preservation system7.4.1. Sizing the sample cache7.4.2. Sample packing7.4.3. Organic blanks and calibration standards7.4.4. Sample sealing and preservation7.4.5. Sealing concepts and materials8. Conclusions8.1. Summary8.2. Recommendation for future work8.2.1. MEPAG-related tasks8.2.2. Programmatic issues (NASA and ESA)8.2.3. Research work (NASA and ESA)8.2.4. Engineering development (NASA and ESA)A. AppendicesA1. GlossaryA2. Charter of This StudyA2.1. Charter assumptionsA2.2. Methodology and approachA2.2.1. Requested tasksA2.2.2. MethodsA2.2.3. Deliverables, scheduleA3. Scientific Risk for the MSR CampaignA4. Planetary Protection Issues/OpportunitiesA5. 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Grosch, Nicola McLoughlin, Pierre Lanari, Muriel Erambert, and Olivier Vidal12 March 2014 | Astrobiology, Vol. 14, No. 3MarsThe effect of artificial seawater on SERS spectra of amino acids-Ag colloids: An experiment of prebiotic chemistrySpectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 118On the chronology of lunar origin and evolution12 November 2013 | The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, Vol. 21, No. 1Searching for biomolecules on Mars: Considerations for operation of a life marker chip instrumentPlanetary and Space Science, Vol. 86Selecting samples for Mars sample return: Triage by pyrolysis–FTIRPlanetary and Space Science, Vol. 78Conference Summary: Life Detection in Extraterrestrial Samples Abigail Allwood, David Beaty, Deborah Bass, Cassie Conley, Gerhard Kminek, Margaret Race, Steve Vance, and Frances Westall19 February 2013 | Astrobiology, Vol. 13, No. 2The Role of Terrestrial Analogs in the Exploration of the Habitability of Martian Evaporitic Environments6 May 2013 Volume 12Issue 3Mar 2012 InformationCopyright 2012, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Planning for Mars Returned Sample Science: Final Report of the MSR End-to-End International Science Analysis Group (E2E-iSAG).Astrobiology.Mar 2012.175-230.http://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2011.0805Published in Volume: 12 Issue 3: April 2, 2012PDF download