Abstract
In densely populated urban centers, planning optimized capacity for the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond wireless networks is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a mathematical framework for the planning capacity of a 5G and beyond wireless networks. We considered a single-hop wireless network consists of base stations (BSs), relay stations (RSs), and user equipment (UEs). Wireless network planning (WNP) should decide the placement of BSs and RSs to the candidate sites and decide the possible connections among them and their further connections to UEs. The objective of the planning is to minimize the hardware and operational cost while planning capacity of a 5G and beyond wireless networks. The formulated WNP is an integer programming problem. Finding an optimal solution by using exhaustive search is not practical due to the demand for high computing resources. As a practical approach, a new population-based meta-heuristic algorithm is proposed to find a high-quality solution. The proposed discrete fireworks algorithm (DFWA) uses an ensemble of local search methods: insert, swap, and interchange. The performance of the proposed DFWA is compared against the low-complexity biogeography-based optimization (LC-BBO), the discrete artificial bee colony (DABC), and the genetic algorithm (GA). Simulation results and statistical tests demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can comparatively find good-quality solutions with moderate computing resources.
Highlights
The vision of the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond wireless networks is to integrate multi Radio Access Technology (RAT) under one system to perform efficient network operations (Fig. 1) [1,2,3]
The user equipment (UE) demand is a real vector which is randomly generated in the interval [0.01 4.0]
This network planning problem consists of three types of nodes: base stations (BSs), relay stations (RSs), and user equipment (UE)
Summary
The vision of the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond wireless networks is to integrate multi Radio Access Technology (RAT) under one system to perform efficient network operations (Fig. 1) [1,2,3]. Existing data rates are 1 GB/s for slow or stationary devices, or 100 Mb/s for mobile devices; 5G and beyond wireless networks goal is to achieve a 10 GB/s or higher data rates Such facts and realities trigger a significant change in the entire architecture of a cellular system supporting seamless user experience [4]. The 5G and beyond wireless network designers face challenging demands such as more capacity, higher data rates, lower latency, better connectivity for a massive number of users, lesser cost and energy, and more importantly improved quality of experience (QoE). To meet such challenging demands, researchers are investigating to incorporate a massive
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