Planning and Operation Models for EV Sharing Community in Spot and Balancing Market

Abstract

An electric vehicle (EV) sharing scheme is emerging in the residential and business sectors. It enables community members to share EVs and make reservations when they plan to use a car. This paper proposes a framework for planning and operation of a shared EV fleet. The framework coordinates charging and reservation assignment and supports the community to participate in wholesale electricity market. It includes two stochastic programming models for day-ahead planning and real-time operation management. Bids on spot market are determined in the day-ahead planning. A preliminary plan for the bids on balancing market, the charging schedule of each EV and the assignment of each reservation are also determined in this phase. The preliminary plan is further refined during the real-time operation management. A numerical study based on Swedish driving behaviors and Nordic electricity market rules is performed to demonstrate an application of the proposed framework. Examples of the bidding curves on spot and balancing market are illustrated. Results also show a dynamic assignment for reservations during the planning horizon, while the eventual assignment is determined during the real-time operation management. Comparison with a base case shows that the proposed models enable the community to benefit from participating in the wholesale electricity market.