Abstract
Research frontiers in geophysics are being expanded, with development of new fields resulting from technological advances such as the Earth observation satellite network, global positioning system, high pressure-temperature physics, tomographic methods, and big data computing. Planetary missions and enhanced exoplanets detection capabilities, with discovery of a wide range of exoplanets and multiple systems, have renewed attention to models of planetary system formation and planet’s characteristics, Earth’s interior, and geodynamics, highlighting the need to better understand the Earth system, processes, and spatio-temporal scales. Here we review the emerging interconnections resulting from advances in planetary sciences, geodynamics, high pressure-temperature physics, meteorite impacts, and mass extinctions.
Highlights
In the 16th and 17th centuries, physics encompassed a wide field of inquiry with significant advances coming from many widely separated endeavors in what are astronomy, optics, mechanics, gas chemistry, thermodynamics, and so forth
Modern research in physics continues to encompass a wide field of inquiry, which is reflected into the different disciplines and emerging frontiers
Increased awareness on the role of interactions among the Earth’s components of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, ionosphere, and biosphere (Figure 1) leads to integrative approaches in Earth system science. This has led to better understanding of interactions, component flow, and feedback mechanisms acting with distinct spatial-temporal scales and manifested in the geochemical cycles, surface processes, and Earth’s climate
Summary
In the 16th and 17th centuries, physics encompassed a wide field of inquiry with significant advances coming from many widely separated endeavors in what are astronomy, optics, mechanics, gas chemistry, thermodynamics, and so forth. They included development of the heliocentric model for the solar system, formulation of the laws of planetary motion, experimental and mathematical descriptions of pendular and parabolic motion, the law of universal gravitation, inertial reference frame and laws of motion, the pressurevolume Boyle law, and the ideal gas law, among many other discoveries. We review developments in geodynamics, high pressure mineral physics, meteorite impacts, mass extinctions, and planetary sciences and in the emerging interconnections as fields develop
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