Planetary Geology

Abstract

Planetary geology focuses on understanding the properties and processes of solid-surface objects in the Solar System. A relatively new discipline, planetary geology sees the techniques and understanding of geological phenomena on Earth applied to other bodies, some of which appear vastly different to our own world. After six decades, this discipline has delineated the fundamental characteristics shared by all solid bodies in the Solar System, as well as those that are unique to Earth. All planetary bodies in the inner Solar System have surfaces comprised largely or entirely of basaltic lavas; show evidence for tectonic deformation, impact cratering, and mass wasting; most have had water play a key role in their geological evolution. But planetary geology also encompasses the icy worlds of the Solar System, from volcanic Io, to enigmatic Titan, and distant Pluto, as well as the myriad minor bodies, asteroids and comets left over from the formation of the planets themselves. Perhaps the greatest insight planetary geology offers us is a framework for studying geological phenomena, in general, and with which we can better understand not only our celestial neighbors, but our own world, as well.