Planet Signal Extraction for theTerrestrial Planet FinderInterferometer

Abstract

Signal extraction is a vital link between science and systems-engineering requirements. In this paper we present a Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) interferometer planet-signal-extraction algorithm and demonstrate the performance of several nulling-interferometer designs on canonical TPF astronomical scenes. We create the output response of a linear phase-chopping dual Bracewell nulling interferometer and a matrix version of the correlation method employed to generate dirty images. We derive general and specific map parameters, such as signal-to-noise ratio, signal-to-artifact ratio, and detection confidence, used for individual maps or comparing array architectures. We implement a matrix form of CLEAN that removes map artifacts, produces reconstructed images, and retrieves planetary signals. Monte Carlo simulations show that some fixed-length structurally connected interferometer configurations can detect Earth-like planets for systems at 10 pc in the presence of stellar Poisson noise. Since angular resolution depends on baseline length, a design that can vary array configuration for each specific scene is superior to an interferometer with a fixed array length. Thus, a flexible free-flying architecture should satisfy the science requirements for more TPF candidates, compared to a fixed-length structurally connected architecture.