Planet Occurrence Rate Density Models Including Stellar Effective Temperature

Abstract

We present planet occurrence rate density models fit to Kepler data as a function of semimajor axis, planetary radius, and stellar effective temperature. We find that occurrence rates for M-type stars with lower effective temperature do not follow the same trend as F-, G-, and K-type stars when including a polynomial function of effective temperature in an occurrence rate density model and a better model fit includes a break in effective temperature. Our model fit for M-type stars consists of power laws on semimajor axis and planetary radius. Our model fit for F-, G-, and K-type stars consists of power laws on semimajor axis and planetary radius broken at 2.771 R⊕ and a quadratic function of stellar effective temperature. Our models show agreement with published occurrence rate studies and are the first to explicitly include stellar effective temperature as a variable. By introducing stellar effective temperature into our occurrence rate density models, we enable more accurate occurrence rate predictions for individual stars in mission simulation and science yield calculations for future and proposed exoplanet-finding missions.