Abstract
A long standing obstacle to realizing highly sought on-chip monolithic solid state quantum optical circuits has been the lack of a starting platform comprising scalable spatially ordered and spectrally uniform on-demand single photon sources (SPSs) buried under a planar surface. In this paper, we report on the first realization of planarized SPS arrays based on a unique class of shape-controlled single quantum dots (SQDs) synthesized on mesa top (dubbed MTSQDs) using substrate-encoded size-reducing epitaxy (SESRE) on spatially regular arrays of patterned nanomesas with edge orientation chosen to drive symmetric adatom migration from the nanomesa sidewalls to the top, thereby enabling spatially selective growth. Specifically, on GaAs(001) square nanomesas with edges along ⟨100⟩, we synthesized binary GaAs/InAs/GaAs MTSQDs emitting around 1120 nm with 1.8 nm standard deviation and single photon emission purity >99.5%. SESRE based MTSQDs are shown for the first time to lend themselves to planarization of the surface morphology when grown on pedestal shape mesas. We demonstrate that the planarizing overgrowth process over arrays of InGaAs SQDs largely maintains the SQDs’ high single photon emission purity (>98%) and spectral uniformity (∼5 nm). Such planarized SQD arrays offer the long-sought platform for on-chip integration with light manipulating structures to realize quantum optical circuits.
Highlights
Realization of on-chip scalable quantum optical circuits (QOCs) that allow controlled photon generation and interference to create reconfigurable unitary operations on a photon state with a fast time scale has been a long-sought goal in the field of quantum information processing.1–4 A fundamental obstacle has been the absence of a starting on-chip integrable platform of solid state single photon sources (SPSs) that are in regular arrays and spectrally sufficiently uniform
We report on the first realization of planarized SPS arrays based on a unique class of shape-controlled single quantum dots (SQDs) synthesized on mesa top using substrate-encoded size-reducing epitaxy (SESRE) on spatially regular arrays of patterned nanomesas with edge orientation chosen to drive symmetric adatom migration from the nanomesa sidewalls to the top, thereby enabling spatially selective growth
We report on (a) the realization of a new class of semiconductor mesa top single quantum dots (MTSQDs)16–18 in arrays whose single photon emission purity is ∼99.5% at 18 K and as-grown spectral uniformity is < 2 nm across a 5 × 8 array distributed over 1000 μm2 and (b) the demonstration of an approach to embed MTSQD arrays through the overgrowth of a morphology planarizing layer, realizing the long-sought platform of planarized ordered uniform arrays of SPSs
Summary
Realization of on-chip scalable quantum optical circuits (QOCs) that allow controlled photon generation and interference to create reconfigurable unitary operations on a photon state with a fast (ns to ps) time scale has been a long-sought goal in the field of quantum information processing. A fundamental obstacle has been the absence of a starting on-chip integrable platform of solid state single photon sources (SPSs) that are in regular arrays and spectrally sufficiently uniform. A fundamental obstacle has been the absence of a starting on-chip integrable platform of solid state single photon sources (SPSs) that are in regular arrays and spectrally sufficiently uniform. Grown semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and implanted defect-levels have been demonstrated to possess many qualities suitable for solid state SPSs. Epitaxially grown semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and implanted defect-levels have been demonstrated to possess many qualities suitable for solid state SPSs In principle, both are integrable with optical elements for controlling the SPS emission rate and direction and subsequent manipulation of the emitted photons in an on-chip (i.e., scalable horizontally) architecture that enables controlled interference and entanglement—two phenomena that underpin quantum information processing. This opens the pathway to the fabrication of on-chip integrated QOCs by integrating these MTSQDs with either conventional 2D photonic crystal or our newly proposed approach of using Mie resonance in dielectric building blocks that can be used for a large range of applications in quantum information science such as solid-state simulation, boson sampling, quantum networking, and quantum sensing.
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