Planar reorientation maneuvers of space multibody systems using internal controls

Abstract

In this paper a reorientation maneuvering strategy for an interconnection of planar rigid bodies in space is developed. It is assumed that there are no exogeneous torques, and torques generated by joint motors are used as means of control so that the total angular momentum of the multibody system is a constant, assumed to be zero in this paper. The maneuver strategy uses the nonintegrability of the expression for the angular momentum. We demonstrate that large-angle maneuvers can be designed to achieve an arbitrary reorientation of the multibody system with respect to an inertial frame. The theoretical background for carrying out the required maneuvers is briefly summarized. Specifications and computer simulations of a specific reorientation maneuver, and the corresponding control strategies, are described. I. Introduction I N this paper we develop a reorientation strategy for a system of N planar rigid bodies in space that are interconnected by ideal frictionless pin joints in the form of an open kinematic chain. Angular momentum preserving controls, e.g., torques generated by joint motors, are considered. The TV-body system is assumed to have zero initial angular momentum. Our earlier work1'2 demonstrated that reorientation of a planar multibody system with three or more interconnected bodies using only joint torque inputs is an inherently nonlinear control problem that is not amenable to classical methods of nonlinear control. The goal of this study is to indicate how control strategies can be explicitly constructed to achieve the desired absolute reorientation of the TV-body system. There are many physical advantages in using internal controls, e.g., joint torque controls, to carry out the desired multibody reorientation maneuvers. First of all, this control approach does not modify the total angular momentum of the multibody system. In addition, internal controls have obvious advantages in terms of energy conservation. Moreover, they can be implemented using standard electrical servo motors, a simple and reliable control actuator technology. The formal development in this paper is concerned with control of a multibody interconnection in space that has zero angular momentum. Although these results are formulated in a general setting, we have been motivated by several classes of specific problems. Several potential applications of our general results are now described. Manipulators mounted on space vehicles and space robots have been envisioned to carry out construction, maintenance, and repair tasks in an external space environment. These space systems are essentially multibody systems satisfying the assumptions of this paper. To carry out the desired tasks, they must be capable of performing a variety of reorientation maneuvers. Previous research on maneuvering of such space multibody systems has mainly focused on maneuvers that achieve desired orientation of some of the bodies, e.g., an end effector, whereas the orientation of some of the remaining bodies cannot be specified, at least using the methodologies employed.38 Using the approach suggested in this paper, maneuvers that achieve any desired reorientation for all of the