Abstract
This chapter is concerned with periodic lines, also known as the artificial lines. It discusses the wave propagation on the one‐dimensional (1D) and 2D lattice structures, and the Floquet theorem and space harmonics. An artificial crystal structure is a periodic arrangement of scatterers in one, two, or three dimensional host medium. Floquet–Bloch theorem provides the periodic boundary condition to solve Maxwell's wave equation and also the transmission line wave equation, in an infinite extent periodic medium. The Floquet–Bloch theorem is formulated to get the general nature of the Bloch wave in terms of space harmonics. The chapter is also concerned with the propagation characteristics and the circuit models of the 1D periodic transmission lines, loaded with several kinds of reactive/susceptive inclusions. The 1D electromagnetic bandgap structure is formed by cascading of an infinite number of unit cells. The microstrip line, as a host medium, is a composite medium consisting of three uniform transmission media.
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