Abstract
Spain is one of the most active European countries in the open access (OA) movement. Although the gold route has scarcely been used, the green route has been intensively implemented through fulfilment of European and national mandates and the development of institutional policies. Plan S is becoming a disruptive element in the context of scientific communication, and Spain’s possible adherence to Plan S could imply technical challenges in journals and repositories, additional costs that are difficult to estimate, or refusal to accept the Plan on the part of researchers (based on the loss of freedom to choose the journal in which to publish). However, the implementation of Plan S in Spain would also lead to greater transparency in APC spending, a reduction in publishing in predatory journals, greater visibility and impact for journals that are only published OA, improvements in OA monitoring and a change in the evaluation model for researchers from one based on the impact factor to one based on DORA recommendations.
Highlights
Spain occupies one of the first positions in open access (OA) publication worldwide, being the European country with the second greatest percentage of its scientific output available in OA (40.5%), only slightly behind the UK.[1]
One of the most important features of OA in Spain is that the green and the gold routes have not developed at the same rate
Along with most other countries at the beginning of the OA movement, opted for the green route to offer open access to scientific publications. This decision meant that in a short period of time, a large number of repositories were created, increasing from 13 repositories in 2005 to 135 in 2012.2 In 2018 there were 173 repositories registered in the Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR), making Spain, along with the UK and Germany, one of the countries with the highest number of repositories in Europe
Summary
Spain occupies one of the first positions in open access (OA) publication worldwide, being the European country with the second greatest percentage of its scientific output available in OA (40.5%), only slightly behind the UK.[1]. Along with most other countries at the beginning of the OA movement, opted for the green route to offer open access to scientific publications. At a qualitative level Spain has ten institutional repositories within the global Top 100 in Transparent Ranking,[3] which assesses the visibility of the content of repositories in Google Scholar. This support for the green route is reflected in the policies of academic publishers, where Spain ranks as the European country with the fourth largest number of self-archiving policies. In order to understand the exact scope, it is necessary to analyze the Spanish context; the legislative framework, policies and mandates in favour of OA, as well as the relationship between scientific output in Spain and OA
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