Plakophilin-3, a novel armadillo-like protein present in nuclei and desmosomes of epithelial cells.

Abstract

We report on a novel Armadillo-like protein, termed plakophilin-3. The human protein, which is encoded by a 2.8 kb messenger RNA, has a predicted molecular mass of 87 kDa. The protein comprises 10 Armadillo-like repeats, preceded by an amino-terminal region of 293 amino acid residues and followed by a short carboxy-terminal region of 27 amino acid residues. Plakophilin-3 is classified as a member of the p120(ctn)/plakophilin subfamily of Armadillo proteins based on the number and organization of the Armadillo repeats and its high sequence similarity to other members of this family. CLUSTAL W alignment of p120(ctn)/plakophilin subfamily members showed the plakophilin-3 protein to be most similar to plakophilin-1 and -2. Western blot analysis of plakophilin-3 revealed expression in all epithelial cell lines tested but not in foreskin fibroblasts and various sarcoma-derived cell lines. This is unlike most other members of the p120(ctn)/plakophilin subfamily, which are widely expressed. By immunofluorescence, the plakophilin-3 protein was colocalized with desmoglein in desmosomes of epithelial cells. In addition, an intriguing speckle-like nuclear staining was observed. Hence, like plakophilin-1 and -2, plakophilin-3 displays a dual intracellular location, i.e. in the desmosomal plaque and in the nucleus. These results suggest the involvement of plakophilin-3 in both desmosome-dependent adhesion and signaling pathways. Furthermore, the human plakophilin-3 gene was mapped on the chromosomal locus 11p15 by fluorescent in situ hybridization.