Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of overweight is increasing dramatically worldwide. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of plain water intake (PWI) with the risk of new-onset overweight risk among Chinese adults.MethodsA total of 3,200 adults aged 18–65 who were free of overweight at baseline were enrolled from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort study in 2006–2011. The risk of new-onset overweight with different amounts of PWI per day was analyzed in this 5-year cohort. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the association of PWI and the risk of new-onset overweight and adjust for potential confounders. Moreover, dose-response models were developed to estimate the linear relationship.ResultsDuring 5 years of follow-up, 1,018 incident cases were identified. Our analysis indicated an inverse association of more than 4 cups of PWI per day and the risk of new-onset overweight among normal weight individuals. Compared with participants who drank 2 to 3 cups PWI, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) of overweight were 0.741 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.599–0.916) in participants who drank 4 to 5 cups PWI, and 0.547 (95% CI, 0.435–0.687) in participants who drank more than 6 cups PWI. The dose-response analysis showed that every cup of PWI was associated with a 6.5% and 8.4% decrease in the risk of new-onset overweight among men and women, respectively. The interactions of PWI and covariates on the risk of overweight were not found.ConclusionDrinking more than 4 cups (≈1 liter) per day of plain water is associated with decrease in the risk of new-onset overweight among normal-weight individuals.
Highlights
The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity has developed into an epidemic public problem around the world.[1]
The flow chart of enrolled participants in our study is shown in Figure 1. 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) demographics and beverage behaviors stratified by gender with mean are presented in the Table 1
The distribution of other beverages intake among groups stratified by water intake is displayed in eTable 1, which reveals that beverage intake except for tea was relatively evenly distributed in different plain water intake (PWI) groups
Summary
The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity has developed into an epidemic public problem around the world.[1] Similar results obtained in China showed that age-adjusted prevalence of overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥24.0 kg=m2) among Chinese adults has increased from 20.5% to 42.3% over a 20-year period (1991–2011).[2] It is important to prevent overweight patients from developing obesity in future years. Results from three separate large prospective cohorts of American nurses and physicians suggested that the substitution of water for sugar-sweetened beverages or fruit juices was associated with lower the risk of weight gain in each 4 years.[7] A similar study, which was conducted among university students, showed that increasing water intake in place of sugar beverages or beers was related to a lower incidence of obesity and overweight.[8]. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of plain water intake (PWI) with the risk of new-onset overweight risk among Chinese adults
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