Abstract

Plagiarism is defined as “using someone else’s words, ideas or results without attribution” [7]. Plagiarism can occur in two forms: (a) self-plagiarism, when authors reuse portions of their own previous writings in a subsequent paper [8], i.e., redundant and duplicate publications; and (b) “salami slicing”—i.e., dividing reports of the outcome of a research project into as many papers as possible in order to maximize the number of potential scientific publications [9]. The causes of plagiarism lie on a spectrum. At one end, there is a clear intent to deceive. At the other end lies unintentional plagiarism, perhaps due to naivete, ignorance, or “cryptomnesia,” a term defined as “memories that are hidden from consciousness and subjectively are not recognized as such” [10].

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