PLACENTAL CHORANGIOMA AND ITS CLICOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM: A CASE SERIES

Abstract

Introduction:Chorangioma is a rare primary vascular tumour of placenta with an incidence of about 1% in carefully examined term placenta. Chorangiomas in the past have been described as hemangiomas. Chorangioma is a benign, vascular, non-trophoblastic tumor of plancenta that is potentially threatening and can lead to hazardous feto-maternal catastrophy. Objectives: To analyse clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnoses, treatment, and prognoses of placental chorioangioma (PCA). Results: Mean age of the patients was 38 years. 2 patients were below 30 years and 2 were above 30 years. Only 1 patient was primigravida, rest 3 were multigravida. Mean gestational age was 31.8 weeks. 3 out of 4 cases were term gestations. Out of 4 patients, 3 had an emergency LSCS and 1 had normal labor. 1 out of the 4 patients delivered a dead fetus. Grossly, all the specimens werecomplete placenta. All lesions were extraplacental, solitary and all were >5cm. The mean tumor size was 7.3 cm (range: 6-8.5cm). All the tumowere nodular, well circumscribed, solid masses. On cut-section, lesions were reddish-brown to tan-off-white, solid, firm, hemorrhagic masses as depicted in the pictures. Microscopically, the lesions were composed of network of proliferating capillaries lined by benign endothelium in enlarged villi covered by trophoblastic epithelium. Focal hyalinized areas were seen in one of the cases as depicted in the pictures. Conclusion: Giant chorangiomas are relatively rare, however, their diagnosis and management pose a big challenge owing to serious antenatal feto-maternal complications they lead to. Careful radiological and histopathological examination are thus of utmost importance.