Abstract
Electric vehicle penetration in the transport section is increasing and replacing the conventional fossil fuel based vehicles. Still, EV has not received success due to some limitations such as cost of the vehicle, battery capacity and availability of charging station. The availability of charging station depends on its geographical location. At the same time, location in the electrical network affects the energy loss and voltage deviation. Therefore, a road network of urban area overlapped with a 33-bus distribution network has been taken as test system for this work. Allocation of EV charging stations and photovoltaic energy resources as renewable distributed generation have been attempted simultaneously using 2-layer optimization. Differential Evolution and Harris Hawks Optimization techniques have been employed to solve the problem and the final results have been validated using eight other established optimization techniques. 2m point estimation method has been used to take care of uncertainties related to electric vehicles and PV. Monte-carlo simulation is also applied to cross verify the performance. The land cost, customer accessibility to charging station have been taken into account to allocate it at proper places. The whole work has been performed based on the 24-hrs dynamically varying electric vehicles flow and PV outputs.
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