Abstract
This paper presents a new Fuzzy Adaptive Modified Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (FAMPSO) for the placement of Fuel Cell Power Plants (FCPPs) in distribution systems. FCPPs, as Distributed Generation (DG) units, can be considered as Combined sources of Heat, Power, and Hydrogen (CHPH). CHPH operation of FCPPs can improve overall system efficiency, as well as produce hydrogen which can be stored for the future use of FCPPs or can be sold for profit. The objective functions investigated are minimizing the operating costs of electrical energy generation of distribution substations and FCPPs, minimizing the voltage deviation and minimizing the total emission. In this regard, this paper just considers the placement of CHPH FCPPs while investment cost of devices is not considered. Considering the fact that the objectives are different, non-commensurable and nonlinear, it is difficult to solve the problem using conventional approaches that may optimize a single objective. Moreover, the placement of FCPPs in distribution systems is a mixed integer problem. Therefore, this paper uses the FAMPSO algorithm to overcome these problems. For solving the proposed multi-objective problem, this paper utilizes the Pareto Optimality idea to obtain a set of solution in the multi-objective problem instead of only one. Also, a fuzzy system is used to tune parameters of FAMPSO algorithm such as inertia weight. The efficacy of the proposed approach is validated on a 69-bus distribution system.
Highlights
The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (i) the placement of Fuel Cell Power Plants (FCPPs) considering the effect of CHPH operation of FCPPs is investigated; (ii) the problem is solved in a multi-objective framework with different strategies for considering the effect of produced hydrogen and thermal energy; (iii) the idea of non-dominated solutions called Pareto optimal solutions is utilized to find all optimal solutions; and (iv) the performance of the algorithm is improved using a new mutation operator and a fuzzy-based adjustment technique
The mentioned optimization algorithm has been employed for placement of FCPPs on a 69-bus distribution system
In the multi objective optimization case, considering emission, voltage deviation, and cost as objective functions result in the FCPPs with higher capacity which are used to generate electrical energy as well as reduce the amount of electrical energy produced by hydrogen
Summary
The attention to Distributed Generation (DG) units connected to the distribution network has increased [1]. Niknam et al used a modified honey bee mating optimization algorithm for multi-objective placement of renewable energy resources [10] They considered conflicting objectives such as the total cost, deviation of the bus voltage, power losses and emission. In order to minimize the power losses and maximizing the profitability, in [11] a new method was proposed which investigated the optimal size and location of biomass fuelled gas turbines in distribution systems. This paper assesses the proper cost function for CHPH FCPPs which is essential for the optimal operation and placement of these devices in distributed networks. This paper utilizes a new evolutionary algorithm called Fuzzy Adaptive Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (FAMPSO) for the placement of CHPH FCPPs in the distribution networks. A set of obtained non-dominated solutions, called Pareto optimal solutions, is stored in an external memory called repository
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