Place orientation and visual construction subdomains of the Mini Mental State Examination test as predictors of rehabilitation outcome of post-acute hip-fractured patients

Abstract

Purpose: The study aimed at assessing the relationship between various Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) subdomains and rehabilitation achievements in post-acute hip-fractured patients.Method: Six hundred and five hip-fractured patients admitted during 2010–2013 to a post-acute geriatric rehabilitation center were included in the study. Main outcome measures were the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) instrument, the motor FIM (mFIM), the Montebello Rehabilitation Factor Score (MRFS) on the mFIM and length of stay (LOS). A logistic regression analysis tested the predictive value of MMSE subdomains for achieving a satisfactory functional gain (mFIM MRFS >30%) on operated patients admitted from community.Results: Of all the six MMSE subdomains, place orientation and visual construction demonstrated significant predictive values for rehabilitation outcome. Patients who did not err on place orientation and visual construction MMSE domains had better probabilities [(OR 1.28, 95%CI, 1.05–1.58; p = 0.017); (OR 2.15, 95%CI, 1.28–3.59; p = 0.004), respectively] of achieving better rehabilitation achievements. Similar results were obtained for cognitively impaired patient groups [(OR 1.40 95%CI, 1.11–1.77; p = 0.005); (OR 2.47, 95%CI, 1.15–5.30; p = 0.021), respectively]. For the cognitively intact patient group, the variables with significant predictive value were time orientation and visual construction MMSE subdomains [(OR 2.26, 95%CI, 1.18–4.33; p = 0.014); (OR 2.87, 95%CI, 1.16–7.09; p = 0.022), respectively].Conclusions: Post-acute hip-fractured patients scoring normally on place orientation and visual construction MMSE subdomains have a better chance of achieving favorable rehabilitation outcome.Implications for RehabilitationPost-acute hip-fractured patients have a better chance to achieve a favorable rehabilitation outcome when scoring normally on place orientation and visual construction MMSE subdomains.Patients having difficulties in orientation and visual construction may need more rehabilitation time as they lack planning and organizational capacity to follow instructions.Assessing MMSE subdomains may reveal subtle cognitive impairment in patients scored within the normal range on the MMSE test.Identifying subtle cognitive impairment may assist in coordinating the patients and their caregivers' expectations, efficiently allocating resources and help in advanced care planning.