Place in Ulyanovsk region of congenital malformations of the cardiovascular system in the structure of congenital malformations of the fetus

Abstract

Congenital malformations (CM) among children are the leading causes of childhood disability and the second largest contributor to child mortality. The first place in the structure of the CM of the fetus is held by the pathology of the cardiovascular system (CVS) (22.1%). In the consultative and diagnostic department of the Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Hospital 29563 pregnant women were examined from 2013 to 2017. The studies were conducted by transabdominal scanning on Voluson E6 and Voluson E8 devices. An analysis of the ultrasound diagnostic data of all the women examined revealed 966 cases (3.3%) of CM. The frequency of CVS was 211, representing 0.7% of the total number of cases examined, and 21.8% of all congenital disorder. Studies have shown that from 2013 to 2017, the congenital disorder of CVS frequency increased from 12.4% in 2013, 19.2% in 2014, and 22% in 2015, in 2016.−31.3% of all birth defect. The most frequent diagnoses were a ventricular septal defect, from 20% in 2014 to 32% in 2016, and aortic and pulmonary anomalies, from 13.2% in 2014 to 24.9% in 2016. The frequency of complex CM fluctuated from 8.8% in 2014 to 16.0% in 2015 and 7.6% in 2016. The frequency of hypoplastic syndrome decreased by year from 8.8% to 3.8%. The frequency of other detected defects (aortic coarctation, endocardial fibroelastosis, persevering left upper hollow vein, full AV-channel, Fallo tetrada, main vessels transposition) ranged from 1.6% to 8.8%. Among the main causes of reproductive losses in the perinatal period CM of the fetus occupy a leading place. A special role in the complex of measures for the prevention and prevention of hereditary and congenital diseases belongs to prenatal diagnosis, which helps prevent the birth of children with severe malformations, and thus reduce the genetic burden of the population.