Abstract
T-helper 17 (Th17) cells are characterized by producing interleukin-17 (IL-17, also called IL-17A), IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22 and potentially TNF-α and IL-6 upon certain stimulation. IL-23, which promotes Th17 cell development, as well as IL-17 and IL-22 produced by the Th17 cells plays essential roles in various inflammatory diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, and Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of the functional role of Th17 cells, with particular focus on the Th17 cell-related cytokines such as IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23, in mouse models and human inflammatory diseases.
Highlights
CD4+ T-helper (Th) cells play a central role in initiating and maintaining diverse immune responses
Distinguished by the production of IL-17, these T-helper 17 (Th17) cells are developed from naıve CD4+ T cells under the influence of a network of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, which support the commitment to this lineage
The role of IL-23 in the induction of IL-22 and IL-17 production and liver damage during Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis using IL23p19- and IL-17-deficient mice was investigated [86]. These results revealed that the endogenous IL-23 plays a protective role in hepatitis in an IL-22-dependent manner, whereas exogenous IL-23 plays a pathological role in IL-17-dependent and -independent manners
Summary
CD4+ T-helper (Th) cells play a central role in initiating and maintaining diverse immune responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a third subset of CD4+ T cells, regulate the activation and expansion of these lineages via expression of forkhead box P3 and/or their capacity to produce cytokines such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-10, and IL-35 [3, 4]. Distinguished by the production of IL-17 ( called IL-17A), these Th17 cells are developed from naıve CD4+ T cells under the influence of a network of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TGF-β, which support the commitment to this lineage. We highlight studies that provide significant evidence for a role of Th17 cells in human diseases and animal models, and we briefly review the role of Th17 cells by focusing on the production of cytokines in inflammatory diseases (Figure 2)
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