Abstract
To investigate the feature of turbulence developing behind the filter device in a current flow, the flow fields at intermediate downstream distance of an immersed grid in an open water channel are recorded using a two-dimensional (2D) Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. The measurements on a series of vertical and horizontal sections are conducted to reveal the stream-wise evolution and depth diversity of grid turbulence in the free surface flow. Unlike the previous experiments by Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) and Hot-Wire Anemometry (HWA), the integral scales and space-time correlations are estimated without using the Taylor hypothesis in this paper. The distributions of mean velocity, turbulence intensity and integral scale show the transition behavior of grid-generated flow from perturbations to fully merged homogenous turbulence. The distributions of velocity and turbulence intensity become more uniform with increasing distance. While the spatial divergence of integral scale becomes more pronounced as the flow structures develop downstream. The vertical distributions of flow parameters reveal the diversity of flow characteristics in the water depth direction influenced by free surface and the outer part of turbulence boundary layer (TBL) from the channel bottom. The applicability of the newly proposed two-order elliptic approximation model for the space-time correlations of the decaying grid turbulence in channel flow is verified at different positions. The calculated convection velocity for large-scale motion and sweep velocity for small-scale motion based on this model bring a new insight into the dynamic pattern of this type of flow.
Highlights
The transverse uniformity of U in base flow demonstrates that upstream flow across the field ofwas view (FOV) around the mid-span is nearly unaffected by the boundary layer of channel side wall
The 2D 2C Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system was used in the present work to investigate the stream-wise evolution and spatial distribution of grid turbulence during its initial period of decay in an open channel
The mean flow velocity, turbulence intensity, integral length scale and correlation function have been estimated on the image sections of different stream-wise locations and water depths
Summary
In terms of sediment transport, the grid is installed to enhance the turbulence intensity and mixing degree of fluids [4]. It can be used as a rectifying device to improve the homogeneity of the upstream flow and change the scale of coherent structure in channel turbulence [5]. Sumer et al [1,6] dedicated themselves to studying the interaction between extra turbulence generated by external hydraulic structures (pipe and series of grids) and sediment transport. Cox et al [7] investigated the turbulence induced by wave breaking and boundary layer which would affect the sediment suspension inside the surf zone
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