Abstract
Pitching mechanics require a complex biomechanical combination of energy production and transfer up the kinetic chain. The throwing motion can be broken down into six different phases: 1) wind-up, 2) stride/early cocking, 3) late cocking, 4) acceleration, 5) deceleration, and 6) follow-through. While variations in the throwing motion amongst pitchers are common, there are specific kinematic factors that may increase their risk of a significant shoulder injury. The objective of this chapter is to present the pitching mechanics which have been reported in the peer-reviewed literature to have a significant effect on upper extremity rotational kinetics and increase a pitcher's risk of shoulder injury. These include lead leg landing spot and knee flexion angle, trunk rotational timing and positioning, and shoulder range of motion and positioning.
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