Abstract

We explore a simple (toy) model of undulating finite-length filaments swimming in viscous fluids, based on resistive force theory. The filaments are actuated by traveling waves, and we consider four different strategies: two smooth waveforms (cartesian and curvature sine waves) and two others with kinks (sawtooth and square waves). Analytical results in the limit of short filaments and/or small actuation parameters are provided. A new efficiency metric is proposed which takes into account that work expenditure is minimal when power consumption is maintained constant. This metric is particularly well-suited for short undulating filaments where power fluctuations for constant actuation rates can be substantial. Parametric studies are performed for a range of filament lengths and actuation parameters for the purpose of side-by-side comparisons. We give analytical expressions for swimming of arbitrary length filaments where the actuation is small. We describe “swimming resonances,” which are local maxima in p...

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