Abstract
The population growth demands a greater generation of energy, an alternative is the use of small wind turbines, however, obtaining maximum wind power becomes the main challenge when there are drastic changes in wind speed. The angle of the blades rotates around its longitudinal axis to control the effect of the wind on the rotation of the turbine, a proportional-integral controller (PI) for this angle achieves stability and precision in a stable state but is not functional with severe alterations in wind speed, a different response time is necessary in both cases. This article proposes a novel pitch angle controller based on auto-tuning of PI gains, for which it uses a teaching–learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The wind speed and the value of the magnitude of the change are used by the algorithm to determine the appropriate PI gains at different wind speeds, so it can adapt to any sudden change in wind speed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental results for a 14 KW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine located at the Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ), Mexico.
Highlights
Electricity is indispensable for the growth of a country, so it is essential to increase energy generation and meet the growing demand
We propose a proportional-integral controller (PI) controller, an optimization algorithm based on teaching–learning was developed that calculates the optimal gains for any change in wind speed
A performance analysis of the proposed algorithm was developed and compared with other intelligent search techniques such as genetic algorithm (GA) [48], simulated annealing (SA) [46], ant colony optimization (ACO) [46], differential evolution (DE) [46], and firefly algorithm (FA) [46], This optimization method was selected since it converges on a solution in a shorter time compared to other known algorithms, this is because it uses the best iteration solution to change the optimal reference solution existing in the population, in addition to using a minimum of computer resources since it only uses simple arithmetic operations such as sums and divisions
Summary
Electricity is indispensable for the growth of a country, so it is essential to increase energy generation and meet the growing demand. Power coefficient, which can be expressed in approximate method depending on tip speed ratio λ, that is the ratio between the tangential speed of the tip of a blade and the actual speed of the wind and on the pitch angle of the blade β, based on the characteristics of the turbine [31,32]. In region III, during high-burst winds, it is necessary to control the rotation speed of the rotor to protect the generator and electronic Tehqeupipimtcehnct ofrnotmrolovsyersltoeamdsi.nThaewininerdtitauorfbtihnee liasrgueserdototorsriengauclcaetleertahteiopnoawnderdoefcetlheerartoiotnorm, cuosnt tbreol its speedcoonf sriodtearteidontoadnedcrsetaospe tthheedryontaomr iocumt eocfhtahneicaalctsitorenssoefs tihnethweibnldad. The faster the settling, the lesser the mechanical stress on the turbine and structure
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